Policy Officer Personal Statement - 1059 Words

Policy Officer Position Number: 512167 Selection Criteria: Experience in, or the ability to acquire specific knowledge of, the health and human services and government relations and policy development I have worked for approximately 20 years as a government and health care employee and during this time I have researched, reviewed, and authored policies of varying levels of complexity. As a mid-level manager for the Department of Health, I was responsible for leading multiple policy teams responsible for developing monthly newsletters, stakeholder position papers, and incorporation of state health care policy into local processes. This would often necessitate writing a local policy to clarify processes. In this job I was able to use†¦show more content†¦This required an in-depth understanding of the audience, purpose, and intended outcome of the message and determination of the best method for a convincing delivery. I sought advanced high level training for my employees to ensure government policy principles and standards are communicated and adhered to in the policy development process. I became strongly proficient in networking in healthcare government and industry forums and sought opportunities to participate and influence the healthcare public policy formulation process. To incentivise and provide a challenge for the best performing writers of my team, I researched specialised or topic specific policy formulation training and opportunities within the government to enhance our skillsets. Evidence of sound interpersonal and written and oral communication skills, including the ability to effectively communicate complex issues and experience with providing input into complex written documents. During my career, I have demonstrated my sound interpersonal skills and provide timely advice on complex policy issues that were relevant to my workplace. As I have held several managerial roles at lower to middle levels, I have always had to liaise with managers of an equal level to me, and also give advice to managers that held a senior status to me. I think that policy issues involve teamwork and effective and efficient communication between departments. In ITL I was directly involved withShow MoreRelatedA Policy That Governs All Business Associates Of Gfmc On All Forms Of Mobile Devices1521 Words   |  7 PagesPURPOSE Of this section is to create a policy that governs all Business Associates of GFMC on all forms of mobile devices. Mobile devices are defined as laptops, tablet computers, cell phones, personal digital assistants (â€Å"PDAs†), USB drives, external hard drives removable storage media or other non-network secured resources in order to safeguard confidentiality and to meet applicable state and federal laws and regulatory standards. This policy applies to the Great Falls Medical Center (GFMC) staffRead MoreShould Police Officers Who Lie Be Terminated As A Matter Of Public Policy?1597 Words   |  7 PagesMATTER OF PUBLIC POLICY Should Police Officers who lie be terminated as a matter of Public Policy LaKetha Southern CJUS 530 Liberty University Professor Jerry Wells 06/29/2015 SHOULD POLICE OFFICERS WHO LIE BE TERMINATED AS A MATTER OF PUBLIC POLICY With all the recent issues that are currently seeing on the news from the Travon Martin Case, Michael Brown in Ferguson, Corruption in Law Enforcement there really needs to be some policies put in place to address untruthful officers. UnfaithfulRead MoreThe Technology Of The Body Cameras Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesand use anytime allegations are made against police officers and criminals alike. The use of these body cameras are somewhat in the evaluation and study stages, but they are quickly becoming the standard in some police departments across the United States. These cameras would not only serve to provide video evidence, but it provide accountability. The ideal policy for the cams is that they stay on and continue recording throughout police officers shifts, which would help eliminate any possibilityRead MoreIn the case study of whistle-blowing at Corcoran State Prison, two corrections officers were all800 Words   |  4 Pages In the case study of whistle-blowing at Corcoran State Prison, two corrections officers were all but shunned for the actions they took to put an end to the mistreatment of prisoners. Officers Richard Caruso and Steve Rigg witnessed their fellow corrections officers abusing their power by placing rival gang members in a small recreation yard in the Security Housing Unit (SHU) to promote fighting. The officers would make bets on the inmates, treated the fighting like a sport and used unnecessaryRead MoreThe Technology Of The Body Cameras Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesand use anytime allegations are made against police officers and criminals alike. The use of these body cameras are somewhat in the evaluation and study stages, but they are quickly becoming the standard in some police departments across the United States. These cameras would not only serve to provide video evidence, but it provide accountability. The ideal policy for the cams is that they stay on and continue recordi ng throughout police officers shifts, which would help eliminate any possibilityRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Information Security1156 Words   |  5 Pages1. Select one of the three characteristics of information security (CIA) and explain its importance as related to the development of policy, education, OR technology. The key characteristic of the information security CIA triad I will focus on is confidentiality. Confidentiality is an important part of any organization’s business operations and every precaution must be taken to safeguard information so that it doesn’t get into the wrong hands. In today’s world of career hackers and large, cybercriminalRead MorePublic Safety Is More Refined, And Strategies Of Communication Essay1513 Words   |  7 Pagesmany ways. An employee’s statements concerning coworkers as well as the departmental leadership will produce dissension within the work, inappropriate communication, or harm a law enforcement agency’s relationship with the diverse community it serves (Perry, 2014). Police officers usually possess a personal phone while on duty, permitting them to access websites, to send and receive non-public e-mail, and to exchange text messages with their friends and coworkers. Officers are embarrassed and disciplinedRead MoreProfessionalism, Ethics And Integrity Of The Bartholomew Police Department Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesBartholomew Police Department are reminded that professionalism, ethics and integrity are of great importance. Members of this department are held to a high standard of conduct and while on or off duty, because you are a police officer 24/7, 365 days a year. As an officer of this department your actions reflect on this department, the good and the bad set a tone and a reputation with the community in which we as a department serve. Therefore, no employee’s actions shall bring discredit or shameRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesa numerous amount of diverse beings in a multitude of circumstances and locations. One’s race is not the only presiding factor in being victim to discrimination, often times it can be an individual’s gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, personal values, and cultural background. Discrimination is not just about being discriminated against but sometimes it can be an unintentional maltreatment of one different from ourselves. In some instances an individual may find themselves being the victimRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act # 11 Titles1734 Words   |  7 Pagesto be provided to an issuer. Section 203 establishes mandatory and substantive rotation of audit partner and partner responsible for review every 5 years. section 204 requires audit firm to report to the audit committee such as critical accounting policies and practices, alternative accounting treatments within GAAP discussed with management and material written communications between auditor’s firm and management of the issuer. Section 206 prohibits the audit firm from providing audit services for

Proposal Essay Depression - 878 Words

Depression can move in on a person quickly or creep in like a fog. It can be a visceral experience, like a blow to the gut or a heavy burden suddenly pressing down on one’s shoulders. It can affect one’s experience of the world: if it’s sunny outside, somehow it seems dull and cold; if it’s gray, the gray gets heavier. Have you ever been depressed? How do you stand against it; how do you push back the gray veil? How do you cope with depression and even work to break out of it? First, it’s important to know the difference between â€Å"the winter blues,† an occasional down day, a week when you’re just feeling off, and longer-lasting, biologically based depression. â€Å"Depression is a ‘whole body’ illness, involving your thoughts, mood and†¦show more content†¦I do recommend anything by Bill Withers, especially the soulful â€Å"Lean on Me† (â€Å"Sometimes in our lives, we all have pain, we all have sorrow, but if we are wise, we know that there’s always tomorrow†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). One song that always cheers me is Dobie Gray’s â€Å"Drift Away† (â€Å"And when I’m feeling blue, a guitar’s comin’ through to sooth me. Thanks for the joy that you’ve given me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Sometimes music can be used as a catalyst, something through which to channel your anger (depression can stem from deep anger [McCrary 1998]) and pain. For that, I recommend Mary J. Blige’s â€Å"No More Cryin’† from her The Breakthrough album (2005). Other songs I recommend from that album are â€Å"Take Me As I Am† and â€Å"Good Woman Down.† Finally, because depression can also stem from fear, I recommend listening to â€Å"Mindkiller,† by Adam Freeland off of his Now and Them album (2004). Blast this song and remind yourself that, as the lyrics say, â€Å"Fear is the mind killer.† Going for a drive in your car can also be a distraction from the depression, as long as you feel safe in handling the vehicle. You can take your music with you, head east, then turn back toward the Front Range to give yourself full view of the area’s jagged, snow-covered peaks. Or Asmus, page 3 drive right up into the mountains, allowing the music to serve as a soundtrack for each turn in the road. When you break over the top of a hill and have a view of the valley below, use this as a metaphor for your depression—that youShow MoreRelatedJonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal1008 Words   |  5 PagesSparknotes, In the 1700’s, Ireland went through an economic depression as well as other problems in the country such as starvation, overpopulation and intolerable taxation by England. The families in Ireland could not afford to maintain their children therefore the children became a burden. Politicians did nothing to improve Ireland’s situation. These ongoing Problems in Ireland led Jonathan Swift to write,† A Modest Proposal.† In his essay, Swift uses satire to give rational but extreme solutionsRead MoreAnalysis Of On Dumpster Diving Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 101 Final Essay Q1: Discuss the contemporary issues in every essay A) A contemporary problem raised in â€Å"On Dumpster Diving† by Lars Eighner Is the amount of wealth spent by consumers, and the effect of that. Consumers spend too much money and waste even more when they throw food and clothing away. In the essay he explains the way of life as an scavenger and how to demonstrate how people are able to live by the minimal resources although most consumers continue to buy things they do not needRead MoreEssay on Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal1391 Words   |  6 Pages In Jonathan Swift’s essay, â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, Swift proposes that the poor should eat their own starving children during a great a famine in Ireland. What would draw Swift into writing to such lengths? When times get hard in Ireland, Swift states that the children would make great meals. The key factor to Swift’s essay that the reader must see that Swift is not literally ordering the poor to cannibalize. Swift acknowledges the fact of the scarcity of food and empathizes with the struggling andRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Society1359 Words   |  6 Pagesof society on several aspects such as language and culture. These contributions brought both positive and negative results. This essay seeks to explore the positive effects of social media on the society. It is informed by the fact that social media, though inherently consisting of negative elements, has more positive benefits that it offers to the society. This essay will primarily address how social media enhances language development, and social interactions. It will also highlight the specificRead MoreDoes Positive Psychology Ease Symptoms of Depression1105 Words   |  5 Pagesoverall psychological ailments and woes that one easily forgets that there is a flipside to this. Positive psychology aims to target not the negative feelings or even the circumstantial triggers that set off psychological hot button issues like depression, anxiety, and obsessive compulsion. What is positive psychology? It has been defined as a form of psychological and scientific study that examines what makes an individual’s life worth living and employs a specific theory to develop an understandingRead MoreThe International Financial Crisis in 1929 Essay830 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor change and unrest within the labour government to try to solve the crisis. (b) Explain the reactions of the Labour Government to the proposals of the May Committee. (7) In July 1931 the May Committee reported a deficit of  £120 million . It recommended a 20% cut in government spending in order to balance the budget. This proposal caused an 11-9 split within the labour government that made continuation as a government impossible. Although the Labour government was essentially Read MoreMental Illness Within The United States984 Words   |  4 Pagesreintegrating into society after incarceration and ultimately lower the cost of running a government funded prison. This essay will cover the prominence of mental illness in prison, drug treatment programs that are used to address mental illness in the prison system, continue assistance or continuation of programs for released inmates, the opportunities that exist for rehabilitation, and a proposal for a rehabilitation program. The purpose of the research is aimed at improving the circumstances of the inmatesRead MoreThe Power of the Printed Word697 Words   |  3 Pagesshould apply to America and Britain. 5) The Jungle described the unsanitary and poor conditions of factories. This book inspired pro-consumer federal laws to be passed in order to regulate meat, food, and drugs. 6) Report on Manufactures was a proposal promoting protectionism in trade by adding tariffs to imported goods in order to protect American industry. 7) The Significance of the American Frontier was a lecture arguing that the western frontier had forged the distinctive qualities of AmericanRead MoreHomelessness : Poverty And Lack Of Permanent And Stable Housing1244 Words   |  5 Pageshomelessness is to have measures or strategies that provide permanent and affordable housing to the homeless (National Alliance to End Homelessnes, 2015). The following essay is a proposal on how best to help the homeless in the community. The essay will begin with a brief analysis or statistics of the problem in the US. The essay will also outline the main reasons attributed to homelessness. State of homelessness in the United States The issue of homelessness has become rampant in many countriesRead MoreThe Tenets Of Conservatism And Liberalism1424 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Barack Obama introduced his America’s College Promise proposal to make community college tuition-free for students in January, but Finger Lakes Community College (FLCC) President Barbara Risser did not bring it up with the collegewide governance body until October. She did not endorse it; she only asked the approximately 20 members to think about what it would mean for the school. No one responded. Mr. Obama says his proposal would expand the reach of higher education, a goal that fits

Holden Essay Example For Students

Holden Essay The theme that the world has an outward appearance that seems fair and perfect but really theyreas Holden put it phonies. This is shown countless amount of times in his journey through NewYork and even before he left. The setting is in the 1950s; so Im pretty sure that he didnt encounterany transvestites, lesbians, or anything that extreme of phoniest. Or on the other hand he could haveliked them for being as Elmemson said a none conformist. But I doubt it, he seemed to like kidsmore than anything. And his job, as he felt, was to protect them in their innocents; of which I willtalk about in my second theme. The first example that stands out in my mind is the scene with Stradlater in the can. If youremember Stradlater was getting ready for his other date while Holden watched him. Stradlaterwas a secret slob in public he always looked good and got all the girls but in fact he was a slob. Hisrazor that made him look so good was rusty as hell and full on lather and hair and crap. Thispro ves that he is a slob to never clean it or anything. If you think about it thats even worst thanOld Ackley. At least Ackley knew that he had a problem, that he need to do something about hisface; but Stradlater thought that he was a great guy. He actually thought that there was nothingwrong with never washing his razor. I think that what mad, Holden so made Stradlater wasperpetrating in other word being phony every time he went out all GQ after using that filthy razor. Another instance is when he calls that girl in New York, Faith Cavendish, that Eddie Birdsell hadbrought to a dance at Princeton. Anyway he called her and she almost went off until Holdendrooped Eddies name. Then all of a sudden she was getting friendly as hell. The same person saidif you think I enjoy bein woke up in the middle- was getting an english accent all of a sudden. Ithink Holden caught her with her faade down. When she first picked up the phone she was mad asanybody else would be in her shoes. But as soon a s she processed Eddie Birdsell from Princetonshe became so amicable. She most of thought that a friend of Eddie, from Princeton, most havebeen rich or at lest well off. Faith was all ready to hook up with him for a date until she askedWhere ya callin from? Where ya at now, anyways? And in a phone booth was the wronganswer. When he said that she new he had no money and from that point on she had no time tomeet up any more. This is a good example of the phoniest that Holden will talk about all throughbook. Oh and one I almost missed it is a little before the conversation with Faith it is a very importantevent. When J.D. Salinger had Holden look about of the window I think it was a big simile, of whichI think about more in theme number 3, of the theme of the book. Im sure Holden didnt ride all theway to New York to pick a run down hotel. So I take it when he drove up it probably looked goodon the outside. He even took it off referring to the red hunting hat before I checked inI didnt w antto look like a screwball or something. So we can assume it was nice, or at lest on the outside. Salinger even throw Holden foreshadowed a little in the line I didnt know then that the goddamhotel was full of perverts and morons. The first guy he saw out his room window took out all thesewomens clothes, and put them on. Then he started walking around like a women, smoking acigarette, and looking in the mirror. And now I guest I have to take back my sentence abouttransvestites in the opening paragraph. Second he saw a couple squiring water and they were inhysterics the whole time, a little strange. You see the outside of the hotel represents what society isor tries to be, all nice and neat. And the people acting silly in the rooms are what we a really like. Imnot saying we are all perverts but we all have two different personalities; one outside and one insideclosed doors. Since Im will into the second page and its past my bed time or at lest it feels like it is this is the lastone for this theme. The one I had in mind is the one the date he had with Sally. From the jump shewas p hony. Holden had already talked to her dad and told him how it was, but she still asked how itwas. Holden when call her quite a little phony, she even sounded phony through the book withlines like Id love to grand. And when they got through with the play on the Lunts it didnt get anybetter. They ran into this guy that Sally knew and both of their phoniest began to shine. Youvethough that they hadnt seen each other for twenty years they probably even hugged and kissedchecks and all. And the funny thing is that they probably met each other only once. And from thatpoint on they went on a quest to outname the other. They both kept thinking of places as fast asthey could trying to get the upper-hand in a game of illusion. They both were trying to, I guest,show they are more popular than the other by making it seem like they known all these places andpeople, when in actuality they were two big phonies. The next Theme of this story that I want to talk about is the significance of the novel s title. First ofall I have to say why the book was entitle as it was The Catcher in the Rye. The title of the book isa mystery all the way until chapter 21 when he sneaked back home to see Phoebe. When Phoebefronted him about getting kicked out of school again saying you dont like anything Holden wasforced to come up with something he would enjoy to be or do. After minutes of pondering Holdensaid Id just be the catcher in the rye and all. He just wanted to save the little innocent kids fromfalling. The kids I think represent the innocents of the young just playing and when they fall off thecliff they discover the world. He wants to protect them and keep them pure will. All through thestory Salinger used Holden as the catcher on the rye to protect or try to protect the innocents ofkids. The biggest and most memorial of this protection is when he went to Phoebe elementary school totalk to her before he had to leave. Anyway he saw the word fuck you on the hall walls and it drovehim da m near crazy. He couldnt stand the idea that Phoebe or her friend had seen that on the wall. John Rocker EssayWriters like Edgar Allen are obvious that they have a deeper meaning. But with Salinger its hard totell if this is a simple story of a boy rebelling or is it a great big metaphor for the world and how weare. Now if you ask him I,m sure he would say oh thats what meant exactly, and he might as wellhave meant that; but who is to say. English

Oodbms Essay Example For Students

Oodbms Essay Object-Oriented Database Management SystemsThe construction of Object-Oriented Database Management Systems started in the middle 80s, at a prototype building level, and at the beginning of the 90s the first commercial systems appeared. The interest for the development of such systems stems from the need to cover the modeling deficiencies of their predecessors, that is the relational database management systems. They were intended to be used by applications that have to handle big and complex data such as Computer Aided Engineering, Computer Aided Design, and Office Information Systems. The area of the OODBMSs is characterized by three things. First, it lacks a common data model. There is no common data model although many proposals can be found in the literature. This is a more general problem of all the object-oriented systems not only the database management systems. Since the data model determines the database language of the system, which in turn determines the implementation of the system, we can understand that the differences between the various systems with different data models can be big and substantial. Second is the common theoretical framework. Although there is no standard object-oriented model, most object-oriented database systems that are operational or under development today share a set of fundamental object-oriented concepts. Therefore the implementation issues in OODBMSs that arise due to these concepts are universal. The third characteristic is that of experimental activity. Plenty of prototypes have been implemented and some !of them became commercial products. There is really a need for applications to handle very complex data and that is why the interest of people in building such systems is so strong. Although there is no consensus on what an OODBMS is and which are the features that differentiate it from other systems, there has been a lot of effort for an agreement on defining the formal characteristics that can stand as the set of specification requirements for the construction of such a system. These should also be used as the set of features that one has to check in order to find out if a system is really an OODBMS. The features of the OODBMS can be divided as follows:†¢mandatory features: these are the features that one system should have in order to deserve the title OODBMS. †¢optional features: these are the features that if one system has, should be considered better than another that does not have them, provided that both have all the mandatory features. †¢open choices: these are features that a designer of a system can choose if and how to implement. They represent the degrees of freedom left to the system designers. An OODBMS should be a database management system and at the same time an object oriented system. The first characteristic is translated to the following features: persistence, concurrency, recovery, secondary storage management, and ad hoc query mechanisms. The second characteristic is translated to the following: composite objects, object-identity, encapsulation, inheritance overriding and late binding, extensibility, and computational completeness of the database language used. Composite objects can be built recursively from simpler ones by applying constructors to them. These simpler objects can be integers, characters, strings, booleans, and in general objects of types that all the programming languages possess. There are various constructors such as list, set, bag, array, tuple, etc. The minimal set of constructors that a system must have is: set (to represent unordered collections of real world objects), list (to represent ordered collections of real world objects), tuple (to represent properties of real world objects). A system that supports composite objects and therefore constructors for their building, should also support operators for the retrieval, insertion, and deletion of their component objects. That means that the database language should be extended in a way that these operators will be included. The identity of an object is what makes it different from all the other objects. This allows the objects to be independent of their values. Therefore the notion of identical objects is introduced: two objects are equal if they have the same values, but are identical if they have the same object identity. The fact that each object possesses an identity facilitates the handling of composite objects since it makes the common use of objects possible and it protects the consistency of the database. If a component object is changed, this change affects all the composite objects that reference it. Due to the object identity, there is no need for replicates, and that is how the consistency of the database is protected. The mechanism of encapsulation allows the hiding of the internal state of the objects. The internal state of an object is not liable to direct access. It can only be accessed by its methods. Objects that have this ability are called encapsulated objects. There are many types of encapsulation including: full, write, and partial. Using full encapsulation, all the operations on objects are done via message sending and method execution. In write encapsulation, the internal state of the objects is visible only for reading operations.Partial encapsulation involves allowing direct access for reading and writing for only a part of the internal state (private and public part). The use of the same message for different methods that belong to different classes can facilitate the design of the database as well as of the applications that access it. In general, since the internal structure of an object is not visible by the other objects, we can assign to methods with the same functionality the same message even if their implementation is different. This is called overloading of the message. Since a message can correspond to more than one method, the code of the method that has to be executed can only be found at run time. That means that while an application is executed, it can be found out if the message sent is applicable to the object. If not the application ends up with a run-time error. The fact that the piece of code that should be executed is bound at run-time is called late binding. The hierarchies of the classes are based on the principle of inheritance which is considered one of the most basic of the object-oriented systems. Inheritance is an antisymmetric, transitive, binary relationship that can exist between two classes A and B from which the A is called a subclass of B and B is called a superclass of A. The relationship has many common characteristics with the ancestor/descendant relationship since a class has direct and indirect subclasses as an ancestor has direct and indirect descendants. In general a superclass can have one or more direct subclasses, although the number of direct superclasses that a subclass can have is not the same for all the models. In fact, in all the models, all the classes have at least one superclass but there are some models that do not allow classes to have more than one. These are called single inheritance models and the rest multiple inheritance models. According to the concept of inheritance, the subclasses ca!n inherit met hods and attributes from their superclasses. That means that inheritance is the mechanism that allows the generation of new software modules from existing software modules. There are four kinds of inheritances that have slightly different semantics:†¢Substitution inheritance: if class A is a subclass of class B, then any object of class B can be substituted by an object of the class A. That means that the set of messages that constitute the interface of class A is a superset of the set of messages of class B. A Streetcar Named Desire - Com EssayIt is desirable for a system to be distributed although that is independent from the fact that it is an object-oriented system. Concurrency control is one of the mandatory features of a DBMS, but the current systems are intended to be used for handling very long data like images, sound, text, etc. and consequently they should provide special transaction mechanisms in order to allow the efficient handling of such kinds of data. The RDBMSs do not support such handling and therefore the object-oriented technology had to enhance the classical transaction framework with long and nested transactions. Most of the applications evolve and they do no acquire a stable state until a long time after their initial implementation. For this reason it should be possible to do the following: the old data should not be overridden by new ones but should be kept and coexist as older versions of the same object and not as independent objects; and in case of schema cha nges, the data that corre!spond to previous schemas should not be thrown away but should evolve following the schema evolution. There is a set of features, finally, for which the designers can choose among different implementations that are not equivalent, but they have certain advantages and disadvantages. There are plenty of programming models (C++, Lisp, Smalltalk, etc.), but none of them should be considered better than the others. The designers choose the programming model of their system according to the kind of applications that the system is going to serve. The choice of the programming style is open as well. The one that better suits the applications should be chosen. The representation system is the set of the types or classes provided by the system as well as the set of constructors that can be applied on these classes. As long as the system provides support for extensibility and composite objects, there is no restriction of which member the representation should contain. There are systems that support the highest degree of uniformity, which means that everything in the system includ!ing classes, m ethods, messages, etc. is treated as an object. Uniformity has consequences at the level of the implementation of the system and at the level of the application programming and the user interface as well. Although uniformity is a nice feature and simplifies the implementation of the system, it can sometimes confuse the users since in reality there is no absolute uniformity. The design of the relational database system and the mechanisms that they use have been mathematically founded. Most of them are the result of long research periods that lead to the successful solving of the most important problems that occurred in these systems. The object-oriented database systems, since they are fairly new, do not have a very sound theoretical solution for many of the issues that arise from their implementations. Here are some of the problems introduced by the new approach:†¢The object-oriented model contains some concepts whose semantics are still under discussion. There is no standard data model and consequently there is no standard methodology for designing an object-oriented scheme. For the relation systems on the contrary, the ER diagram is totally acceptable. †¢The query language of the relational systems was base on the mathematical theory of the relational algebra and the relational calculus. There is not something similar for the OODBMS. A lot of effort has been done for the definition of an object-oriented algebra since it is clear that the relational algebra is inadequate for the support of the object-oriented model. †¢The traditional indexing and locking techniques used should be extended in order to be used for object-oriented databases. The composite objects cause a lot of trouble and is still an open research issue. †¢The complexity of the hierarchies of classes created can be so big that the schemas can be handled with difficulty. The object-oriented systems are very much successful in areas where their predecessors failed:†¢The design of the schema can be done in a very direct way since the object-oriented model is very close to the real world model. On the contrary, the relational design which is based on canonical forms of the relational system is much more awkward. †¢The maintenance of the database is much easier due to the schema evolution facilities and the modular design allowed by the object-oriented model. †¢The identity concept that gives one internal pointer to each object throughout its life protects the consistency of the database and helps modeling similar real world entities. In the relational systems, this identification number was inevitably user provided. †¢The database is not only used for storing data but also pieces of code (methods) that run on the data. Consequently, a whole application can be stored and executed with the help of the OODBMS that also supports its maintenance. †¢The inheritance concept makes code easily reusable. †¢The expensive join operations of the relational systems have been substituted by the composite object notion, which combined with the clustering mechanism can improve the performance of the composite object retrieval. There are many applications that have been using the relational systems very successfully now for many years and they do not need to change. However, there are a couple of other applications especially in the engineering fields that dont do much with relational systems, mainly from the modeling aspect. For these kinds of applications, the object-oriented approach seems quite appropriate in spite of the problems that still have to be solved.Works CitedBrown, A.W. Object-Oriented Databases: Applications in Software Engineering. McGraw-Hill, 1991. Burleson, D.K. Practical Application of Object-Oriented Techniques to Relational Databases. Wiley/QED, 1994. Chorafas, D.N. and H. Steinmann. Object-Oriented Databases. Prentice-Hall, 1993. Delobel, C., C. Lecluse, and P. Richard. Databases: From Relational to Object-Oriented Systems. ITP, 1995. Gray, P.M.D., K.G. Kulkarni, and N.W. Paton. Object-Oriented Databases: A Semantic Data Model Approach. Prentice-Hall, 1992. Hughes, J.G. Object-Oriented Databases. Prentice-Hall, 1991. Kemper, A. and G. Moerkotte. Object-Oriented Database Management: Applications in Engineering and Computer Science. Prentice-Hall, 1994. Kim, W. Introduction to Object-Oriented Databases. MIT Press, 1990. Loomis, M.E.S. Object Databases: The Essentials. Addison-Wesley, 1995. Rao, B.R. Object-Oriented Databases: Technology, Applications, and Products. McGraw-Hill, 1994. Bibliography:

How Are Natural Disasters Socially Constructed Essay Example

How Are Natural Disasters Socially Constructed? Paper The extent to which the natural occurrence of a physical process, such as a flood or earthquake, impacts on society is constructed by that society, creating a disaster as measured by a loss of life, structures and/or money. If a similar natural event was to occur in a place deserted of human life or contact, it would not be termed a natural disaster but recognizes as the Earths natural processes and physical movement. Conversely, these processes are potentially disastrous for the Earths plant and animal biodiversity; however the Earth manages to adapt and recover. It is the culture vs.. Nature separation and the uneven distribution of power in society that has contributed to the recent increase in natural disaster occurrence. There is a separation of society and nature where humans view nature as untamed and wild, leading to their attempt to control it. This has lead to the conservative response to managing disasters we currently use that focuses solely on the physical factors. (Reference the lecture here). Vulnerability due to power inequalities within society impacts the damage caused, and to whom, from these natural hazards. The social construction of natural disasters results from power inequalities in society that leads to vulnerability of certain groups. Within society we construct categories, for example by class or gender, which are more exposed to risk (McLaughlin Dietz, 2007). Class inequity results in an uneven distribution of wealth and access to resources where lower classed groups are more vulnerable to natural hazards. As the Marxist approach puts it, underlying states of human normalization are conceived as the principle cause of disaster. (Peeling, 2001, p. 179). We will write a custom essay sample on How Are Natural Disasters Socially Constructed? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How Are Natural Disasters Socially Constructed? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How Are Natural Disasters Socially Constructed? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This resource exclusion to particular categories of people within society creates their vulnerability to risk, and in turn disaster. McLaughlin and Dietz (2007) suggest there are three dimensions that make up vulnerability including exposure, sensitivity and resilience. An example displaying the vulnerability of lower classed social categories is in North Briar, India, where floods have been managed through engineering works to create embankments. While the Government appears to be reducing the hazard, this has increased the vulnerability of the local people. Soil fertility has decreased reducing agricultural success, dangerous flash floods are occurring due to embankment walls collapsing and communities have settled on apparently safe embankments and are now highly exposed (Peeling, 2001). The natural flood hazard was dangerous, but these works by society have created a natural disaster (Peeling, 2001 Power inequalities have created this disastrous situation where lower classes are at high exposure to floods due to profit hungry management bodies. This technological approach is clearly failing but the Government and other managing groups make large profits off flood engineering works and have the power to decide how to control the issue (Peeling, 2001 This has resulted in creating possibilities for disaster from risk as these vulnerable, powerless groups are threatened by death, loss of housing and infrastructure as well as economic losses from agriculture due to flash floods on what appears to be safe embankments. They are highly exposed, sensitive to floods and have a low resilience capacity. The inequality of power in this situation has constructed vulnerable social groups resulting in the occurrence of natural starters. Society actions and decision making have created modern day disasters triggered by natural events, due to poor planning resulting in large scale death and damage. With educated planning we could avoid the disastrous consequences of many natural processes by refusing to settle in known danger spots. However, society s choice of location and design has allowed the construction of what we term natural disasters, despite the anthropogenic causes behind their disastrous affects (Peeling, 2001). Mike Davis (1995) explains how Los Angels has socially constructed the natural starters there by settling the city in a high risk area known for hazardous storms, fires, floods, drought and earthquakes. Despite historic evidence of environmental risks and recent research warning of massive earthquakes and a mega-drought, Los Angels market-driven arbitration has transgressed environmental common-sense (Davis, 1995, p. 223). The city is located centrally to many known, natural hazards; and due to the high density population and arbitration the effects of any one of these natural processes would easily create disaster. One must also take into account how both local ND national organizations will be able to assist and respond to the occurrence of disaster (Peeling, 2001 The inability of emergency crews to assist, for aid to be delivered and the aftermath of a disaster be managed, would be further human contribution to natural disaster. Metropolitan Los Angels has again constructed a socially based capacity for disaster in its city through knowingly lacking the emergency capacity to respond to the forewarned earthquake clusters and mega-droughts/floods (Davis, 1995). The economic response of the nation or area must also be examined as some mall communities rely completely on crops that lie in vulnerable positions and can not regain their economic standing after such a natural event (for example island nations in the Pacific Ocean whom are hit by a tsunami and can not cope economically for years to come). This inability to respond economically can create disastrous results that are socially constructed by the nations dependence on such risky enterprises. The ways in which society has formed itself in relation to the known risks associated with natural processes has shaped natural disasters. There are methods present to avoid such agitators effects as well as research educating us on climatic trends etc, but poor management of our communities has lead to the social creation of these events. Recent years have seen a steady rise in the event of natural disasters and while there are many factors that could have impacted this, anthropogenic interactions causing acceleration in global warming is an undeniable factor (Appears-carryings, 2003). The human induced climate change that has started to occur has resulted in changing weather patterns that can increase the frequency and intensity of weather related disasters. This hastened warming of our atmosphere has occurred due to human impacts on the Earth including the wide-spread deforestation of the planet and the increased pollutant emissions from fossil fuels due to increased arbitration and industrialization (Appears-Carryings, 2003). The resultant impact of global warming on increasing the frequency and intensity of weather related disasters displays how they have a significant human cause. Events such as storms and hurricanes have become more powerful and regular; and the human impact on these results can not be ignored.

Single Variable Equations in Algebra ACT Math Strategies

Single Variable Equations in Algebra ACT Math Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Single variable equations are some of the most common types of problems on the ACT math section. You must know how to set up, use, and manipulate these kinds of equations, as they are a foundational element of mathematics upon which more complicated expressions (multiple variable, quadratics, etc.) are based. So make sure you are prepared to tackle the ins and outs of single variable equations (no matter how they are presented on the ACT), before you take on some of the more complicated elements of ACT math. This guide will be your complete walk-through of single variable equations for the ACTwhat they are, how you’ll see them on the test, and how to set up and solve them. And the mystery unfolds. What Are Single Variable Equations? To understand a single variable equation, let us break it into its two components: the variable and the equation. A variable is a symbolic placeholder for a number we do not yet know. It’s very common to see $x$ or $y$ used as a variable in math problems, but variables can be represented by any symbol or letter. $x + 4 = 14$ In this case, $x$ is our variable. It represents a number that is currently unknown. An equation sets two mathematical expressions equal to one another. This equality is represented with an equals sign (=) and each side of the expression can be as simple as a single integer or as complex as an expression with multiple variables, exponents, or anything else. $({x +y^2})/14 - 65(x - 3) = 2$ The above is an example of an equation. Each side of the expression equals the other. So if we put together our definitions, we know that: A single variable equation is an equation in which there is only one variable used. (Note: the variable can be used multiple times and/or used on either side of the equation; all that matters is that the variable remains the same.) ${(x + 4)}/2 = 12$ $6x + 3 - 2x = 19$ $4y - 2 = y + 7$ These are all examples of single variable equations. You can see how some expressions used the variable multiple times or used the variable in both expressions (on either side of the equals sign). No matter how many times the variable is used, these still count as single variable problems because the variable remains constant and there are no other variables. Finding your missing variable is like finding that last missing piece of the puzzle. Typical Single Variable Equations on the ACT Single variable equations will fall into two broad categories on the ACTgiven equations and word problems. Let’s look at each type. Given Equations A given equation will provide you with the equation you need to use to solve the problem. We will go through the exact processes needed to solve this kind of problem in the next section, but for now just understand that your goal is to isolate your variable. (We will go through how to solve this question later in the guide) As you can see from this problem, the isolated variable may not be your final answer. Sometimes the question will ask you to solve for $x$, sometimes the question will ask you to solve for $x$ to a different term (as in this case, where they ask you to find $2x$). Always pay close attention to exactly what the question is asking you to find! You need to first isolate your $x$ to solve the problem, but if you stop there then you will get the final answer wrong. Word Problems A word problem describes a scene in which you must set up your own single variable equation to solve it. Again, your final answer may be the value of your variable ($x$ or $y$, etc.) or your variable taken to a different term ($2x$, $y/2$, etc.). (We will go through how to solve this question later in the guide) How to Manipulate a Single Variable Equation In order to solve a single variable equation, we must isolate our variable on one side of the equation. And the way we do this is by shifting the rest of our terms to the other side of the equation. In order to shift our terms (numbers), we must therefore cancel them out on their original side by performing the opposite function of the term. Opposite function pairs are: Addition and subtraction Multiplication and division So if we have a term on one side that has a plus sign (addition), we must subtract that same amount from both sides. $x + 2 = 6$ $x + 2 - 2 = 6 - 2$ $x = 4$ If we have a term that is multiplied, we must divide that same amount from both sides. $3x = 18$ ${3x}/3 = 18/3$ $x = 6$ And so on. Whatever you do on one side of the equation, you must do on the other. This cancels out like terms and essentially moves your terms from one side of the equation to the other. Single variable equations are all about maintaining balance. Steps to Solving a Single Variable Problem Let us take a typical variable expression and break it into the steps needed to solve it. $3y - 10 + 2y = 15$. Find $y$. 1) Combine like terms If there is more than one term with a same variable, we must combine them in order to ultimately isolate that variable. We can add or subtract terms with a same variable in the same way we can any other numbers. $3y - 10 + 2y = 15$ Here we have a $3y$ and a $2y$. They are both positive, so we add them together. $3y + 2y = 5y$ So now our equation looks like this: $5y - 10 = 15$ 2) Isolate the term with your variable Once we have combined our variables, we must isolate the variable term. If the term is simply the variable itself (e.g. $y$), then we can skip this step. But since our term her is $5y$, we must isolate the whole term first. $5y - 10 = 15$ So we must add 10 to either side of our equation. Why? Because we have a negative 10 and addition is the opposite of subtraction. And we must do it to either side to cancel out the 10 on the first expression in order to isolate our variable. $5y - 10 + 10 = 15 + 10$ $5y = 25$ 3) Isolate your variable Now that we’ve isolated our term ($5y$), we can further isolate the variable itself. Again, we perform an opposite function of the term. In this case, we have $5y$, which uses multiplication. In order to isolate the variable, we must therefore use division (the opposite of multiplication) by dividing on both sides. $5y = 25$ ${5y}/5 = 25/5$ $y = 5$ 4) Double-check your variable by plugging it back in Now that we’ve solved for our variable, let us check to make sure it is correct by plugging it back into the original equation. $y = 5$ $3y - 10 + 2y = 15$ $3(5) - 10 + 2(5) = 15$ $15 - 10 + 10 = 15$ $15 = 15$ Success! We have correctly isolated the variable and found its value. 5) And, finally, double-check to make sure you are answering the right question! In this case, we are done, because our initial question asked us to find the value of $y$. But you must always double-check to make sure you are answering the right question. If they had asked us the value for $5y$ or $y/3$, then we would have gotten the answer wrong if we had stopped here at $y = 5$. Always double-check that your variable is correct and that you are answering the question the test is asking you to answer. Now let’s try it again with our problem from earlier: We have $7 + 3x = 22$ and we must isolate our variable in order to ultimately find $2x$ Step 1, combine like terms: There are no like terms to combine, so we can skip step 1. Step 2, isolate variable term: $7 + 3x = 22$ $7 - 7 + 3x = 22 - 7$ $3x = 15$ Step 3, isolate variable: $3x = 15$ ${3x}/3 = 15/3$ $x = 5$ Step 4, double-check answer: $7 + 3(5) = 22$ $7 + 15 = 22$ $22 = 22$ Success. But wait! We’re not done just yet. Step 5, look at what the final question is asking: We must finish the question by finding $2x$ $x = 5$ $2(5) = 10$ So our final answer is G, $2x = 10$ It may appearthatperforming a single variable equation requires a lot of steps, but the more you practice, the easier and more instinctive this process will become. Test Your Knowledge 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Answers:C, G, B, G, E Answer Explanations: 1) Ms. Lewis begins by driving 900 miles at 50 miles per hour and we want to find out how much faster she must go to travel the same amount of miles in three hours less time. Because she is driving the same amount, we can set these terms equal. We are also only working with the variable of miles per hour, so this is a single variable equation. Now, the two sides of the equation are dealing with miles and miles per hour. The first half of our equation will look like this: $(900/50) - 3$ Why? Because Ms. Lewis is driving 900 miles at 50 miles per hour, so we need to divide the miles by mph in order to find out her travel time. And then we must reduce that amount by 3 because we are told that her new travel time will be 3 miles less than that. This means that the other half of our equation will look like this: $900/x$ Why? Because we know that the number of miles she drives will be the same, but our unknown is her miles per hour. Now let's put them together and solve for our variable. $(900/50) - 3 = 900/x$ $18 - 3 = 900/x$ $15 = 900/x$ Now we must isolate our $x$ value. Because it is acting as a denominator, we must multiply both sides of the equation by $x$. $x * 15 = (900/x) * x$ $15x = 900$ Now, we can divide both sides by 15 in order to isolate our $x$ value. $15x = 900$ ${15x}/15 = 900/15$ $x = 60$ Finally, let us plug this value back into our original equation to double-check our answer. $(900/50) - 3 = 900/x$ $(900/50) - 3 = 900/60$ $15 = 15$ We have successfully found our $x$ value, which is the new mileage per hour that Ms. Lewis must travel. But wait, we're not done yet! The question asked us to find out how much faster she must drive, not the new miles per hour at which she must travel. This means we must take the difference of the original miles per hour and the new miles per hour. $60 - 50 = 10$ She must drive 10 miles per hour faster in order to drive the same amount in three hours less time. So our final answer is C, 10. 2) Here we have two cable companies and we are told that we must solve for when their rates are equal after an equal number of months. That means we have a single variable (the number of months) and we have an equation because we are setting each side equal (since the question specifies that their prices will be equal after an unknown number of months). Uptown Cable has a flat fee of 120 dollars and an additional fee of 25 dollars per month. The flat fee will be unchanged (it only happens once), but the 25 dollars will be affected by the number of months. Since the number of months is our unknown variable, let’s give it a value of $x$. So our first expression will look like this: $120 + 25x$ Now Downtown Cable has a 60 dollar flat fee (occurs only once) and a 35 dollar per month fee. We are trying the find the equal number of months for a Downtown Cable package and an Uptown Cable package, so our variable, $x$, will remain the same. So our second expression will look like this: $60 + 35x$ Now we set the two expressions equal to one another. (Why? Because we are told that the prices will be equal after a certain number of months.) $120 + 25x = 60 + 35x$ Now we solve by shifting the terms on each side of the equation. First, let us combine our variable terms by subtracting 25x from each side. $120 + 25x - 25x = 60 + 35x - 25x$ $120 = 60 + 10x$ Now, let us subtract 60 from each side. $120 - 60 = 60 - 60 + 10x$ $60 = 10x$ And finally, let us isolate our variable. $60/10 = {10x}/10$ $6 = x$ So our final answer is G, in exactly 6 months, the prices of each cable package will be equal. 3) This question relies on manipulating fractions. If this process is unfamiliar to you, definitely check out our guide to ACT fractions and ratios. If this is familiar to you, then let’s keep going. ${1/3}k + {1/4}k =1$ We must find a common denominator of the two fractions in order to combine our like terms. In this case, the least common factor of 3 and 4 is 12. (For more on this process, check out our guide to ACT fractions and ratios.) ${4/12}k + {3/12}k = 1$ ${7/12}k = 1$ Now we have a number (7) being divided by another number (12). We know that division is the opposite of multiplication, so we must multiply each side by 12. $12 * {7/12}k = 1 * 12$ $7k = 12$ And finally, we must divide each side by 7 to isolate our variable. $7k = 12$ ${7k}/7 = 12/7$ $k = 12/7$ So our final answer is B, $12/7$ 4) We have a consultant with a flat (one time) fee of 30 dollars and an additional fee of 45 dollars per hour. Because the 45 dollars is hourly, it changes based on our variable (the number of hours). We do not know the number of hours she works, but we do know that her final earnings were 210 dollars. So let’s set this up as an equation. $30 + 45x = 210$ There are no like terms, so we can start isolating our variable. $30 - 30 + 45x = 210 - 30$ $45x = 180$ ${45x}/45 = 180/45$ $x = 4$ So our final answer is G, she worked 4 hours to earn 210 dollars. 5) This is a single variable problem that can be solved in one of two waysyou can either distribute first and then solve, or you can solve without the need to distribute. We’ll go through both ways here. Solve with distributing: $9(x - 9) = -11$ First, distribute your 9 across the expression $(x - 9)$ $9(x) - 9(9) = -11$ $9x - 81 = -11$ Now, isolate your variable term as usual. $9x - 81 + 81 = -11 + 81$ $9x = 70$ And finally, isolate your variable. $9x = 70$ ${9x}/9 = 70/9$ So our final answer is E, 70/9. Alternatively, you can solve this problem without the need to distribute your 9 across the expression (x - 9) Solve without distributing: $9(x - 9) = -11$ Divide each side by 9 ${9(x - 9)}/9 = -11/9$ $x - 9 = -11/9$ Now, we must add 9 to each side. $x - 9 + 9 = -11/9 + 9$ $x = -11/9 + 9$ In order to add $-11/9$ and 9, we must give them a common denominator. Again, check out the guide on fractions and ratiosif this process is unfamiliar to you. $x = -11/9 + 9/1(9/9)$ $x = -11/9 + 81/9$ $x = 70/9$ So again, our answer is E, 70/9. Phew! I think this calls for dessert. The Take-Aways Single variations make up the backbone of many other ACT problems. By knowing how to manipulate these kinds of expressions, you’ll be able to build on these techniques to solve much more complex problems and equations. Just remember to always perform the same act to each side of the equation and save isolating your variable for last. Now take your single variable knowledge and conquer the rest of our math guides. You’ve got this. What’s Next? You’ve build up your mathematical foundation and now you’re raring to take on more. Before you start in on another guide to an ACT math topic, make sure you have a good idea of all the topics covered on the ACT math. Think you might need a tutor? Check out the best ways to shop around for a tutor whosuits your needs, whether online or in person. Taken a practice test and don’t know how you match up for schools? Make sure you have a good idea of what your ideal score truly is. And if you feel like you’ve got a handle on the math itself, but struggle with the timing, then be sure to check out on our article on how to stop running out of time on the ACT. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Identifying Dina's Issues in Packer's Drinking Coffee Elsewhere Essay

Identifying Dina's Issues in Packer's Drinking Coffee Elsewhere - Essay Example She copes through displacing her mental location from her physical location, being someone else who exists outside of her own circumstance. Packer explores the experience of being eighteen and trying to understand ones own role in the world while navigating a foreign culture that emerges when leaving home and entering a university. The world of an individual changes when they leave home and enter a university setting. Most young people have lived with their family in a specific type of neighborhood for most of their lives. Even people who have moved frequently trend to gravitate towards neighborhoods that are familiar. Therefore, children have a specific perspective before they leave their family for college which is challenged by the new culture that confronts them within a university setting. For Packer, this university setting was Yale where from the beginning she felt challenged for the protective measures of distrust she had developed in her life. Her orientation involved games of trust which did not suit her perspective on others in the world which was automatically mistaken for a part of her racial identity.